Part of the ceiling of the main chamber has collapsed, and the front chamber was renovated in the Five Dynasties. She sits on a three-phoenix-drawn chariot sheltered by a parasol. The ceiling of the niche highlights a preaching scene of Maitreya, in which two disciples, four bodhisattvas and two heavenly kings stand in order. The north and south sides out of the niche are devoted to the Conception and the Great Departure respectively, both containing two bodhisattvas in the lower part. The niche lintel is decorated with honeysuckle motifs. The west niche contains a seated Buddha with legs pendent and preaching. The south wall is covered with a western pure land illustration, the middle and lower parts of it was damaged. The four slopes are devoted to the paintings of "the heaven and earth with various images." Due to the collapse of the east wall, only a tiny part of the gable ceiling is preserved today. On the ceiling of the niche are images of ten heavenly musicians. Flanked the nimbus on the inner niche wall are two images of incarnated boys. A small cave is dug out of the upper section in both the north and south wall. On both sides of Mt. On the tent-like ceiling of the corridor is a scene of the thousand-armed and thousand-eyed Avalokitesvara of the Song dynasty, and on each of the side walls are four dhyana Buddhas of the Song dynasty. Beal, Samuel. There is a row of donor figures and chariots drawn by oxen. On the south wall are three Buddhist monks and on the north a male donor figure. The north wall is covered with the illustration of Amitayurbhavana-sutra with the pure land in the center and two side scenes illustrating the stories of the Sixteen meditations and of the stories Between King Bimbisāra and Ajātaatru, similar to the illustration of the Amitabha in composition. The ceiling, east slope and south slope are severely damaged. The upper part of the north wall is covered with the Thousand Buddha motif, and on the middle part are five stories of Buddhist history from west to east: 1. Mechanistic transmission modeling of COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess cruise ship demonstrates the importance of aerosol transmission PNAS. On the north and south walls are traces of the disciples, bodhisattvas, and donors, most of them are obscured.... Summary：Constructed in the Sui dynasty and partly repainted in the Song and Western Xia dynasties, this cave has a truncated pyramidal ceiling and a niche in each of the south, west and north walls. This cave has the largest number of preaching scenes at Mogao. On both sides of the nimbus on the west wall in the niche are attendant bodhisattvas respectively above Vasistha and Mrgasirsa. The Equal Pay Act (EPA) (4) prohibits sex-based wage discrimination. Kang Senghui\'s magic power. Below them are images of Vasistha and Mrgasirsa. On the north side of entrance of the west wall in the front chamber are traces of most part of the heavenly kings. Summary：Constructed in the Northern Zhou dynasty, this cave consists of a main chamber, a corridor and a front chamber. Copyright ownership belongs to the Dunhuang Academy. The south side of the entrance depicts a preaching scene of the Medicine Buddha, while the north has a standing disciple image with four donor figures. Each of the upper side behind the Buddha are two apsaras holding music instruments and the lower side with two precious pearls. Below them are 10 female donor figures. This cave consists of the front chamber with a gabled ceiling, which partly survives, and the main chamber which is square in plan with a truncated pyramidal ceiling. The main chamber is square in plan and has a truncated pyramidal ceiling. The whole east wall is devoted to the illustration of the Universal Gate of the Lotus Sutra. The spaces below the illustrations on the south, north and east wall all are divided into three for four strips of screen paintings illustrating the stories in the corresponding sutras. The central Buddha sits with legs pendent, wears Sankaksika, cross-collared Chinese robe and an outer red Kasaya, open in the front, which has a knot at the chest. Sumeru is painted in the upper with eight temple halls stand on it. The south side of the entrance contains a standing Buddha and two bodhisattva in the center and a row of male donors of the Five Dynasties below (obscured). The middle part is covered with the narrative story of five hundred robbers, which ends with the scene of Sakyamuni and Prabhutaratna sitting side by side. On the top of the niche are four apsaras and Buddha\'s halos. It has a truncated pyramidal ceiling and a west niche. The tent-like niche in the west wall contains a group of stucco figures of the High Tang period: a seated Buddha, two disciples, two bodhisattvas, and two heavenly kings. The west wall in the main chamber contains ten celestial musicans, railings and draperies in the upper level, and a walking Buddha surrounded by the thousand Buddha motifs in the middle level and male donor figures in the lower level above the landscape and figure paintings. Those buildings on the two sides are in a high angle, looking vast. Except two bodhisattvas sit with one leg bent and one pendent, all the others stand. It has a niche on each of its four sides. There are mainly two opinions: 1. they are painted according to the Lotus Sutra, and 2. they are painted based on the Lotus Sutra and the Nirvana Sutra. The tent-like ceiling of the west niche contains a five figure group: one Buddha, two bodhisattvas and two disciples. On the south side are four bodhisattvas including Kistigabha and Avalokitesvara above the Samantabhadra illustration, the lower part is obscured. The draperies extend to the four slopes covered with the thousand Buddha motifs (partly damaged). The Diamond Sutra says, "Out of nowhere, the mind comes forth." There are also tens of donor figures of the Cao family and inscriptions preserved on the east, north and south walls. On the two slopes of the gabled ceiling are jataka tales painted in two horizontal bands, and on the flat ceiling are pictures of the Sui dynasty preaching scenes and painted laternendecke motifs. The north and south sides of the entrance wall are covered with the thousand Buddha motifs, below which are donor figures, chariots, horses and grooms. The west slope of the front chamber is decorated with three pictures of the Western Xia medallions (damaged). In the center is an illustration of the Medicine Buddha. Two Stone Buddha\'s floating on the River in the Western Jin Dynasty, 2. a Golden Image Appearing from the River in Yangzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and 3. On the two sides of the entrance in the west wall are scenes of Vaishravana attending a preaching scene. The edge of the niche is decorated with ocean pomegranate and twisted vines. This cave is also known as the Three-niche cave. The south wall is occupied by the Amitayus sutra illustration, and the north wall by the Medicine Buddha illustration. It is located at the lower level on the middle section of the Southern Area at Mogao and it is one of the largest caves at Mogao, consisting of a front chamber, a corridor and a main chamber. Under the tree on the west side is an standing upasika (holding a scepter and towel). The upper part of the south wall is filled with the illustrations of the Lotus sutra, the Amitayur-dhyana Sutra, and the Maitreya sutra from west to east. The lower parts show severe flaking and loss of paint. The main chamber has a truncated pyramidal ceiling, and the ceiling center features a large parasol motif, in the center of the parasol are five lotuses, a entwining dragon and parrots. The cave is square in plan with a truncated pyramidal ceiling. The north and south slopes are decorated with hanging draperies. The drapery around the center extends to the four slopes. The beam is decorated with painted laternendecke motifs. Behind them is the vast sky with apsaras, clouds, flowers, palaces, and fairy ladies. The north and south walls of the corridor are painted with donor figures. In the front chamber, the south side and north side of the east wall respectively depict Vidudabha and Vaisravana, who protect the paradise of Buddhism.... DYNASTY:：Late Tang Dynasty(A.D.827-859). The upper part of the south wall presents an illustration of the Amitabha sutra, in which the pavilions and platforms are separated by green water and the buildings are connected by various bridges. The main space of both of the side walls and the entrance wall are respectively occupied with the historical stories of Buddhism and Buddhist sacred lands as well as Buddhist disciplines. In the center of the back part of the sidewalls is a small preaching scene. The themes of the murals are mainly Buddhist historical stories. The updated privacy will be an effective replacement of the original one once it is publicized in our website. An image of Avalokitesvara is painted on either side of the niche. This is exactly the extension of the traditional Han and Jin painting styles in Buddhist murals.The narrative story paintings in this cave are rendered in a comptetely new style and composition compared to the earlier works form the inception of the Mogao Grottoes. There is an inscription on the space above the entrance in the west wall, which was flanked by the scenes of Vaishravana attending Nezha\'s assembly. To the north of the inscription are two male donors of the Song dynasty, and to the south are one female donor (vague) and a bhiksuni (Buddhist nun). The front chamber was repainted in later dynasties and it is severely damaged.... Summary：Located in the middle section of the Southern Area of Mogao, this cave was constructed in the High Tang and renovated in the Middle Tang and Five Dynasties. On the four sides are various decorative patterns, such as the motif of two partly overlapped squares, half medallions, diamond lozenges, medallions, and draperies in red, blue and green colors, looking bright and fresh. ", Shorter Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya SÅ«tra, Longer Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya SÅ«tra, "The Shorter Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya SÅ«tra", "The Longer Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya SÅ«tra", Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heart_Sutra&oldid=1013862186, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles containing Standard Tibetan-language text, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz work identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, ŚrÄ« Mahājana (probably c. 11th century), Vajrāpaṇi (probably c. 11th century CE), The Heart Sutra with eight complete Indian and Tibetan commentaries, The Diamond Sutra and The Heart Sutra, along with commentaries on the texts and practices of Buddhism, Heart Sutra with Modern Commentary on Heart Sutra from Major Chan Master From Taiwan China, Translations and commentaries of The Heart Sutra and, Concise translation and commentary from a Tibetan Buddhist perspective, Heart Sutra with commentary by the 14th Dalai Lama, A guide to the topic of emptiness from a Tibetan Buddhist perspective, with English translation of the Heart Sutra, English translation of the Heart Sutra with commentary, English translation of the Heart Sutra with, English translation of the Heart Sutra with history and commentary, English translations of all 9 Chinese versions of the sutra and the commentaries on it by Fazang (Huayan School) and Kukai (Shingon School), The Buddhist Audio Visual Production Centre (, A slightly edited version is used as the lyrics for. On the walls of the niche are eight disciples and two bodhisattvas in gorgeous costumes. On the junction of the south wall and the ground are nine bhiksus and male donors of the Song dynasty, beneath are traces of the Sui dynasty paintings. In the center is the preaching scene of the Buddha and on two sides are bodhisattvas listening to Buddha\'s preaching. The upper niche shaped in the form of two spreading trees and the lower arch niche in the west side each contain a dhyana Buddha flanked by two attendant bodhisattvas out of the niche. It is called the Library Cave because there were over 50,000 cultural relics including Buddhist scriptures, social documents, silk paintings, embroideries, and Buddist utensils dating back to the fourth to the fourteenth centuries. Most of the ceiling in the front chamber has collapsed. There is a two-stepped central altar in the center of the hall. The central pillar is shaped like Mt. A large arch niche in the west wall contains a central Buddha and two bodhisattvas. (1865) The Paramita-hridaya Sutra. Sumeru. The statues on the central altar are completely destroyed, only the traces of the paws of a lion can be seen on the back screen on which traces of some images are visible. This Privacy Notice explains what personal data the Digital Dunhuang Repository (shortened as Digital Dunhuang below) collects from you, through our interactions with you and through our services, and how we use that data. The north wall contains ten celestial musicians, railings and draperies in the upper level, a preaching scene of Sakyamuni and Prabhutaratna surrounded by the thousand Buddha motifs, and attendants, bhiksus and male donors in the lower level. In the Maitreya sutra illustration in this cave, there is an inscription in ancient Tibetan and an image of a wedding ceremony of a Tibetan man with a Chinese woman, from which it can be determined that it was constructed in the period when Guazhou was occupied by the Tibetans and Shazhou was not yet, namely from the 11th year of Dali era (776) to the second year of Jianzhong (781). Between the rafters are images of celestial beings holding lotuses.The flat ceiling in the back is connected to the ground by the central pillar, which has niches in all four sides for various statues. With David Tennant, Billie Piper, Danny Webb, Shaun Parkes. In the Yuan dynasty, the Huangqing Temple was built in front of the cave, which was renovated in 1351 by Suleiman Khan, King of Xining.... DYNASTY:：Western Xia Regime(A.D.1038-1227). There is an illustration of the Vimalakirti sutra on the south wall (most of it is damaged). COURSE 6: THE DIAMOND-CUTTER SUTRA. This statement applies to all the services provided by Digital Dunhuang. The brim of the niche at the bottom is decorated with the honeysuckle motifs. The Cookie of Digital Dunhuang can only be read by our website, and you can modify your browser settings to accept or refuse the Cookie according to your requirements though we suggest you to accept it. There is a platform on which stands guardian warriors on both the north and south sides alongside the niche. On the east wall, the illustration of Defeating Mara is in the center above the entrance and the Maitreya sutra and Avalokitesvara illustrations are respectively on the south and north sides of the entrance.... Summary：The hall cave was sponsored by the couple of Cao Yuanzhong, military governor of the Gui-yi-jun regime as their family temple in the tenth century, part of the murals were renovated in the Song dynasty. Or. The other parts show the three Assemblies of Maitreya under the dragon flower trees. There, heavenly kings wear chain mail and tabards which can protect the legs in battles. An arch niche is dug out of the west wall housing a statue of seated Buddha with legs pendent. A niche with a flat ceiling in the west wall contains a seven figure group made in the Tang dynasty and repainted in the Qing dynasty. The north and south walls of the corridor are occupied by donor figures.... Summary：Constructed in the Yuan dynasty (A.D.1279-1368), this is a small hall cave with a truncated pyramidal ceiling whose center in bas relief is a design of four painted dragons (the central part is damaged) . The upper is covered with the thousand Buddha motifs and there was a painting of seven Buddhas of the Early Tang in the lower part (destroyed when the corridor was renovated in the Late Tang). The image of King Father of the East on the upper part of the north slope is partly damaged, but his four-dragon-drawn chariot is still visible. On the upper part of each sidewall are five sutra illustrations, below them are thirty-three screen paintings illustrating Buddha\'s life stories. The ceiling center highlights a parasol design, while the four slopes are covered with the images from Chinese mythology such as the traditional Chinese gods, and protectors of Buddhist laws, Mani Pearl, Guardian warriors, apsaras, god of Thunder, auspicious beasts, Fuxi and Nüwa, and etc. It is located in the north wall of the corridor of Cave 16 and was discovered by Taoist priest Wang Yuanlu who lived at Mogao in the 26th year of Guangxu era of the Qing dynsty (1900). On both sides of the illustration are single images of Avalokitesvara, Mahasthamaprapdta and Kistigabha bodhisattvas. Popularity: This poem was first published with the title ‘The Star’ in 1806 in Rhymes for the Nursery, a collection of poems by Jane Taylor and her sister Ann Taylor. …ist denen, in welchen der Wille sich gewendet und verneint hat, diese unsere so sehr reale Welt mit allen ihren Sonnen und Milchstraßen—Nichts. On the north side of the entrance in the east wall is an illustration of Cintamani-cakra with two female donors below and on the south side is an illustration of Amogha-pasa (the upper part is lost) with three male donor figures below. The central pillar is shaped like Mt. DYNASTY:：Northern Wei Dynasty(A.D.368-534). A part of a Sui Dynasty preaching scene is preserved on the north wall of the corridor.... Summary：This cave was constructed in the period when the Hexi region was united by the Northern Wei. On the upper part of the east wall is a Vimalakirti sutra illustration and below are donor figures. The north wall is also covered with an Amitayus sutra illustration with two side scenes respectively for the Sixteen Meditation and the story between Bimbisara and Ajatasattu. The Heart SÅ«tra in Chinese Yogācāra: Some Comparative Comments on the Heart SÅ«tra Commentaries of Wŏnch’ŭk and K’uei-chi. The west, north and south walls in the niche are divided into a upper section and a lower section. The lower part contains four cells. A medallion pattern is in the center and the draperies are painted on two slopes. The ceiling center features a pattern of lotuses and twisted vines, around it are draperies with triangular and pearled borders. On both sides of the entrance and the window are thousand Buddha motifs. All represent the episodes in the Lotus Sutra. This inscription with exact date is not only a reliable evidence for dating the Sui dynasty caves, but also a criterion for studying the artistic styles of the caves of that period. Sumeru: it consists of the upper part of an inverted round seven-storeyed pagoda and a two stepped square throne on the ground. This sutra is mainly about the belief in Ksitigabha bodhisattva and it consists of four parts respectively on Ksitigabha, on the Ten Wheels, on the Period of Termination, and on the Six Perfections. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty Welcoming Master Tanyan. There is a bodhi parasol on the ceiling of the niche. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS INTRODUCTION I. Overview. The side cells in the niche each have a meditation monk with a cowl. On the wall inside the niche are two incarnated children, and on each side out of the niche is a statue of a bodhisattva, renovated in the Qing dynasty. The Diamond Sutra with a Vietnamese Thiền commentary 1992 Red Pine: The Diamond Sutra: The Perfection of Wisdom; Text and Commentaries Translated from Sanskrit and Chinese ISBN 1-58243-256-2: Counterpoint The Diamond Sutra with Chán/Zen commentary 2001 Red Pine: The Heart Sutra: the Womb of Buddhas ISBN 978-1593760090: Counterpoint On the ceiling of the niche are apsaras. The tent-like ceiling of the corridor has two slopes containing the images of Ksitigabha and Ten Kings painted in the Later Tang.